关于线程的讲解(出自Java原著)

核心提示：Thread Scheduling In java technology,threads are usually PReemptive,but not necessarily Time-sliced(the process of giving each thread an equal amount of CPU tim

Thread Scheduling

In java technology,threads are usually PReemptive,but not necessarily Time-sliced(the process of giving each thread an equal amount of CPU time).It is common mistake to believe that "preemptive" is a fancy Word for "does time-slicing".

For the runtime on a Solaris Operating Environment platform,Java technology does not preempt threads of the same priority.However,the runtime on Microsoft Windows platforms uses time-slicing,so it preempts threads of the same priority and even threads of higher priority.Preemption is not guaranteed;however,most JVM implementations result in behavior that appears to be strictly preemptive.Across JVM implementations,there is no absolute guarantee of preemption or time-slicing.The only guarantees lie in the coder’s use of wait and sleep.

The model of a preemptive scheduler is that many threads might be runnable,but only one thread is actually running.This thread continues to run until it ceases to be runnable or another thread of higher priority becomes runnable.In the latter case,the lower priority thread is preempted by the thread of higher priority,which gets a chance to run instead.

A thread might cease to runnable (that is,because blocked) for a variety of reasons.The thread’s code can execute a Thread.sleep() call,deliberately aSKINg the thread to pause for a fixed period of time.The thread might have to wait to access a resource and cannot continue until that resource become available.

All thread that are runnable are kept in pools according to priority.When a blocked thread becomes runnable,it is placed back into the appropriate runnable pool.Threads from the highest priority nonempty pool are given CPU time.

The last sentence is worded loosed because:
(1) In most JVM implementations,priorities seem to work in a preemptive manner,although there is no guarantee that priorities have any meaning at all;
(2) Microsoft Window’s values affect thread behavior so that it is possible that a Java Priority 4 thread might be running,in spite of the fact that a runnable Java Priority 5 thread is waiting for the CPU.
In reality,many JVMs implement pool as queues,but this is not guaranteed hehavior.

线程调度（试翻译，欢迎指正）
在java技术中，线程通常是抢占式的而不需要时间片分配进程（分配给每个线程相等的cpu时间的进程）。一个经常犯的错误是认为“抢占”就是“分配时间片”。
在Solaris平台上的运行环境中，相同优先级的线程不能相互抢占对方的cpu时间。但是，在使用时间片的windows平台运行环境中，可以抢占相同甚至更高优先级的线程的cpu时间。抢占并不是绝对的，可是大多数的JVM的实现结果在行为上表现出了严格的抢占。纵观JVM的实现，并没有绝对的抢占或是时间片，而是依靠于编码者对wait和sleep这两个方法的使用。