Oracle 10g vs PostgreSQL 8 vs MySQL 5（外围特性评比）

核心提示：This is my comparison of installing and getting started with Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) 10g, PostgreSQL 8 and MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) 5. This is what I consider the compariso

This is my comparison of installing and getting started with Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) 10g, PostgreSQL 8 and MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) 5. This is what I consider the comparison of state of the art for three categories of DB: Commercial vs. Academe vs. Internet Model. This is a comparison from the view of a new user wanting to install a database to learn. I'm trying to keep the viewpoint of a home or small business user.
Full Disclosure: I am strongly biased towards Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) and fully expected no real competition.

License: I will not get into a debate over open source and closed source. Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) is a commercial database and requires licensing to use. MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) and PostgreSQL are both open source projects. Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) provides a free developers license for you to "test out" and create prototypes.

Configuration: I am installing on an older machine with 256 Megs of Ram and a 40 Gig hard drive. The CPU is a 633 Mhz Celeron. The OS is Windows 2000 Professional. I want to install at the low end of the spectrum to gauge the ability for home user-type installations.

OS: I chose to perform this comparison under Windows, as I believe that that is still the most common platform that new people to the world of databases will use. By that, I mean people installing at home. For new corporate users, the odds are good that they will not have a choice of either OS or database so a comparison is pointless.

Versions:

PostgreSQL 8.0 - PostgreSQL 8.0 is a very new product. I chose 8.0 as it is the latest version and it natively supports Windows. This is the first version that actually does support Windows without an emulator or third-party recompilation.

MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) - MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) 5.0 is also a very new product. As a matter of a fact, the version I used, v5.0.4, is actually a beta version. I argued with myself about whether I should use the stable v4 or the beta v5. I chose v5 because v4 does not compete with PostgreSQL or Oracle(大型网站数据库平台). V4 does not have stored procedures, triggers, views, etc. Without those features, I would not consider it as a contender. The upside to that is that v5 does support those features.

Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) 10g – This is the latest version of Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) and was released last year. In my opinion, Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) 10g is the gold standard of databases. Nevertheless, I also recognize that it is very expensive and requires quite a bit of knowledge to support in a production environment.

Ranking Factors:

Documentation and Getting Started Support
Ease of installation
Ease of Verifying Successful Installation
Creation of Non-Admin User
Time to Run First Query
Resource Requirements
Ranking Values: I rank each factor a score of 1 through 10, with 10 being the best or highest.

Documentation and Getting Started Support

PostgreSQL - I found a lot of support for previous versions (under Linux, Cygwin, etc.), but almost nothing for 8.0 under Windows. The PostgreSQL documentation website, http://www.postgresql.org/docs/ , provides very good, very complete documentation. In my opinion, one of PostgreSQL's strengths in the past has been the documentation.

That web site includes a very good installation document. However, post installation and getting started documentation is very limited. I hope that that will change in time.

I googled "PostgreSQL getting started" and got thousands, mostly version 7, of hits. PostgreSQL has some Usenet newsgroup support, but I noticed they were not very active.

PostgreSQL Documentation Ranking: 5

MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) – Because v5 is so new, there is not very much documentation yet. There is a world of documentation for MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) v3 and v4. Check Amazon or BN.com. MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) seems to be the choice for a lot of smaller Internet and java-oriented companies.

Because v5 is beta, I will not rank this factor according to the documentation available for that release. V4 has amazing documentation and I fully expect v5 to have the same by the time the software is released to production. I will rank according to v4 documentation.

I googled "MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) getting started" and got millions, mostly version 4, of hits. I could find no MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合)-specific Usenet newsgroup support, but I noticed some postings for MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) support on the comp.databases group.

MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) Documentation Ranking: 8

Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) – Oracle(大型网站数据库平台), as a commercial product, has a large staff of full-time technical writers. Every feature is spelled out and many features receive their own books. The installation documentation provided by Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) is superior and, where that is lacking, it is made up by third party sites dedicated to Oracle(大型网站数据库平台). The documentation, as well as the documentation portal, is very mature.

In addition to installation guides for just about every OS, Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) provides a "2 day DBA" guide. This document is indispensable for new users.

I googled "Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) getting started", and received millions of hits. Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) also has robust Usenet newsgroup support.

Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) Documentation Ranking: 10

Ease of Installation

PostgreSQL

I haven't previously used PostgreSQL outside of Cygwin (a Unix environment for Windows). I was surprised at the feel of the installation. It seemed very native and ran flawlessly. It was also a very quick install.

PostgreSQL installed the quickest. According to the documentation, you can install PostgreSQL without administrative rights. As this is the first version of PostgreSQL to support Windows (without Cygwin), I wanted to test the Services support. PostgreSQL installed as a service and came up without problems after rebooting.

PostgreSQL Installation Ranking: 10

MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合)

I ran a web site in the past, mainly for my own amusement, and used MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) as the database. The technology stack I used was Java/apache(Unix平台最流行的WEB服务器平台)/MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合). I was fully expecting MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) to win the installation competition based on experience. However, MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) was the only install to fail during installation. I performed a little cleanup and then re-ran the install. It failed again. I cleaned up again, rebooted and re-ran the installation. This time it installed. I'm not sure what caused the error. It was very cryptic but it was the same both times it failed. I was able to bulldoze past that, though. Remember, this is a beta release.

MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) also installed as a service and on reboot came up with no errors. The install, when it ran correctly, ran quickly.

MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) Installation Ranking: 5

Oracle(大型网站数据库平台)

Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) again proved that it is a very mature product. Of the three, Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) is the only one that can NOT be installed without admin rights. It would be nice for this to be an option.

It did, however, install easily. I received no errors. Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) was the only install to point me towards the next step at the end of the install. This is a sure fire method to support new users and requires almost no effort. All databases should provide this kind of support.

Where Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) really took a hit was in the amount of time it took to install. This is a real issue for home users. There were a couple of spots where I thought the machine might be hung as I received no feedback for an extended amount of time.

Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) Installation Ranking: 7

Ease of Verifying Successful Installation

To verify the success of the install was a little different, but all three provide data access tools. I followed the instructions in the provided documentation and was able to access the server in all three instances.

Verification Ranking for all 3: 10

Creation of Non-Admin User:

PostgreSQL: PostgreSQL uses the standard CREATE USER syntax and I was able to perform this task easily. The documentation walks the user through this task (which is required for security reasons).

PostgreSQL Create User Ranking: 10

MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合): In v5, MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) also uses the CREATE USER syntax. Prior releases did not. Due to the fact that the documentation is not yet complete; it is not completely obvious that CREATE USER is available. For a new user, this can be confusing.

MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) Create User Ranking: 7

Oracle(大型网站数据库平台): Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) uses the standard CREATE USER syntax and I was able to perform this task easily. The documentation walks the user through this task. Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) Create User Ranking: 10

Time to Run First Query

All three database documentation sets provide a tutorial for getting connected and running your first query.

All three First Query Ranking: 10

Resource Requirements:

PostgreSQL – I was amazed at PostgreSQL's minimal need for resources. I performed some tests like opening web browsers and MS-Word while connecting remotely and could see no impact at all on my test machine.

I couldn't find the minimum hardware specs, but 256Meg on an old machine seems to be more than enough.

PostgreSQL Resource Ranking: 10

MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) – MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合)'s minimal need for resources is well known. That is one of its biggest selling points and always has been. I performed the same test that I preformed for PostgreSQL and MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) performed as well as PostgreSQL.

Oddly enough, I couldn't find the minimum hardware specs for MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) either, but 256Meg on an old machine seems to be more than enough.

MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) Resource Ranking: 10

Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) - Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) uses the most memory, and Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) 10g uses even more than previous versions. It really would run better on a 512M machine, and I would recommend 1gig.

On the test box, it takes forever (well, many long minutes) for Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) to even start up. When I opened Word, I started getting swapping and stalling. With multiple remote connections, the database came to a standstill. Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) will install and run in 256 Megs, but I don't recommend it.

Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) Resource Ranking: 3

So how does each stack up? Here are the final rankings:

PostgreSQL: 55

MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合): 50

Oracle(大型网站数据库平台): 50

So, that is the install and first use ranking. That is not at all what my expectations were. I think it's great that all three rated so high. I was not expecting that or that Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) and MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) would tie. I was definitely not expecting PostgreSQL to come in first.

However, installation is only a small piece of using a database. There is language support, administration, additional usability features, security and third-party support. In the near future, I will write up a comparison of these components.

	Oracle(大型网站数据库平台) 10g	MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合) 5.0	PostgreSQL 8.0
文档和学习支持	10	8	5
易于安装性	7	5	10
易于检验成功安装	10	10	10
创建非admin权限用户	10	7	10
执行第一次查询的时间	10	10	10
资源占用	3	10	10

虽然postgresql的文档只得5分，不过我觉得postgreSQL官方文档也很全，只是因为还不够普及所以经验之谈得资料很少，我相信以后会多.转自：动态网制作指南 www.cncms.com