350个linux命令详解

核心提示：COMMAND 命令DESCRipTION 注解System information系统信息archshow architecture of machine 显示主机的体系结构uname -rshow used kernel version 显示kernel版本信息dmidecode -qshow hardware s

COMMAND 命令	DESCRipTION 注解
System information 系统信息
arch	show architecture of machine 显示主机的体系结构
uname -r	show used kernel version 显示kernel版本信息
dmidecode -q	show hardware system components - (SMBIOS / DMI) 显示硬件系统部件
hdaparm -i /dev/hda	displays the characteristics of a hard-disk 显示某一硬盘特点
hdparm -tT /dev/sda	perform test reading on a hard-disk 执行某一硬盘读取测试
cat /PRoc/cpuinfo	show information CPU info 显示CPU信息
cat /proc/interrupts	show interrupts 显示中断信息
cat /proc/meminfo	verify memory use 核实内存使用情况
cat /proc/swaps	show file(s) swap 显示文件swap情况
cat /proc/version	show version of the kernel 显示kernel版本信息
cat /proc/net/dev	show network adpters and statistics 显示网络信息
cat /proc/mounts	show mounted file system(s) 显示挂载系统信息
lspci -tv	display PCI devices 显示PCI设备
lsusb -tv	show USB devices 显示USB设备
date	show system date 显示系统日期
cal 2007	show the timetable of 2007 显示2007年日历
date 041217002007.00	set date and time - MonthDayhoursMinutesYear.Second 设置时间和日期 - 格式：月日时分年.秒
clock -w	save changes on BIOS 保存BIOS设置
linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 - moon-blog.cn

　 　 　

COMMAND 命令	DESCRIPTION 注解
Shutdown, Restart of a system and Logout 系统关机,重启或注销
shutdown -h now	shutdown system 关闭系统
init 0
shutdown -r hours:minutes	planned shutdown of the system 定时关机
shutdown -c	cancel a planned shutdown of the system 取消定时关机
shutdown -r now	reboot 重启系统
reboot
logout	leaving session 注销用户
linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 - moon-blog.cn

　 　 　

COMMAND 命令	DESCRIPTION 注解
Files and Directory 文件及目录
cd /home	enter to directory '/ home' 进入/home目录
cd ..	go back one level 向上返回一个目录
cd ../..	go back two levels 向上返回两个目录
cd	go to home directory 前往/home目录
cd ~utente	go to home directory 前往/home目录
cd -	go to previous directory 进入先前所在目录
pwd	show the path of work directory 显示目录路径
ls	view files of directory 显示目录内包含的文件
ls -F	view files of directory 显示目录内包含的文件
ls -l	show details of files and directory 显示目录内文件的详细信息
ls -a	show hidden files 显示隐藏文件
ls *[0-9]*	show files and directory containing number 显示目录内包含有数字的文件
lstree	show files and directories in a tree starting from root 以树形显示文件
mkdir dir1	create a directory called 'dir1' 建立dir1目录
mkdir dir1 dir2	create two directories simultaneously 建立两个目录
mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2	create a directory tree 建立目录树
rm -f file1	delete file called 'file1' 删除名为file1的文件
rmdir dir1	delete directory called 'dir1' 删除名为dir1的目录
rm -rf dir1	remove a directory called 'dir1' and contents recursively 删除dir1目录及所含文件
rm -rf dir1 dir2	remove two directories and their contents recursively 删除dir1 dir 2两个目录及所含文件
mv dir1 new_dir	rename / move a file or directory 重命名/移动 文件或文件夹
cp file1 file2	copying a file 复制文件
cp dir/* .	copy all files of a directory within the current work directory 复制目录及目录内所有文件到当前目录
cp -a /tmp/dir1 .	copy a directory within the current work directory 复制目录到当前目录
cp -a dir1 dir2	copy a directory 复制目录
ln -s file1 lnk1	create a symbolic link to file or directory 建立文件或目录的符号链
ln file1 lnk1	create a physical link to file or directory 建立文件或目录的物理链
touch -t 0712250000 fileditest	modify timestamp of a file or directory - (YYMMDDhhmm) 修改文件或目录的时间戳 - 格式：YYMMDDhhmm
linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 - moon-blog.cn

　 　 　

COMMAND 命令	DESCRIPTION 注解
File search 文件搜索
find / -name file1	search file and directory into root filesystem from '/' 在 / 目录中搜索文件或目录
find / -user user1	search files and directories belonging to 'user1' 搜索属于user1的文件和目录
find /home/user1 -name *.bin	search files with '. bin' extension within directory '/ home/user1' 在/home/user1目录内搜索包含有.bin的文件
find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100	search bynary files are not used in the last 100 days 搜索100天未用的文件
find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10	search files created or changed within 10 days 搜索10天内创建或更改的文件
find / -name *.rpm -exec chmod 755 {} ;	search files with '.rpm' extension and modify permits 搜索带有修改属性的.rpm的文件
find / -name *.rpm -xdev	search files with '.rpm' extension ignoring removable partitions as cdrom, pen-drive, etc.… 搜索全属性的.rpm的文件
locate *.ps	find files with the '.ps' extension - first run 'updatedb' command 搜索扩展名为.ps的文件 - 需要先运行updatedb命令
whereis halt	show location of a binary file,source or man 搜索halt的路径
which halt	show full path to a binary / executable 取得halt列表并寻找当halt作为命令给定时所运行的文件
linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 - moon-blog.cn

　 　 　

COMMAND 命令	DESCRIPTION 注解
Mounting a Filesystem 挂载文件系统
mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2	mount disk called hda2 - verify existence of the directory '/ mnt/hda2' 挂载名为hda2的硬盘设备
umount /dev/hda2	unmount disk called hda2 - exit from mount point '/ mnt/hda2' first 取消挂载名为hda2的硬盘设备
fuser -km /mnt/hda2	force umount when the device is busy 强行取消挂载设备
umount -n /mnt/hda2	run umount without writing the file /etc/mtab - useful when the file is read-only or the hard disk is full 不记录挂载信息直接取消挂载 - 当硬盘为只读或硬盘已满时很实用
mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy	mount a floppy disk 挂载软盘
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom	mount a cdrom / dvdrom 挂载CDrom或DVDrom
mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder	mount a cdrw / dvdrom 挂载CD-RW或DVDrom
mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder	mount a cdrw / dvdrom 挂载CD-RW或DVDrom
mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom	mount a file or iso image 挂载一个文件或ISO光盘镜像
mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5	mount a Windows FAT32 file system 挂载windows FAT32文件系统
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk	mount a usb pen-drive or Flash-drive 挂载USB闪存设备
mount -t smbfs -o username=user,passWord=pass //winclient/share /mnt/share	mount a windows network share 挂载windows网络共享
linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 - moon-blog.cn