CentOS下建立本地YUM源并自动更新

核心提示：1. 尽管有很多的免费镜像提供yum源服务，但是还是有必要建立自己的yum服务器，CentOS下建立本地YUM源并自动更新，主要出于以下几点考虑：l 网络速度：访问互联网可能比较慢l 节省带宽：如果有大量的服务器，架设自己的yum源可以有效节省互联网带宽l 联网限制：对于有些内网服务器，不能连接

1. 尽管有很多的免费镜像提供yum源服务，但是还是有必要建立自己的yum服务器，主要出于以下几点考虑：
l 网络速度：访问互联网可能比较慢
l 节省带宽：如果有大量的服务器，架设自己的yum源可以有效节省互联网带宽
l 联网限制：对于有些内网服务器，不能连接到互联网
l 对于RHEL（Redhat Enterprise Linux），需要购买服务
l 便于发布自己开发的rpm包

2. 找到适合你的站点的yum同步源,主要是CentOS标准软件仓库、epel、以及rpmforge
CentOS标准仓库选择列表
Asian：
http://www.centos.org/modules/tinycontent/index.php?id=32
North American
http://www.centos.org/modules/tinycontent/index.php?id=30

Epel源选择列表
http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/EPEL/

Rpmforge源
http://apt.sw.be/

要选尽量离你的local服务器近的地区,并支持RSYNC,方便更新同步
我选择的是Linux Kernel Archives
CentOS标准软件仓库
rsync://mirrors.kernel.org/centos

Epel源
rsync://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora-epel

Rpmforge源
rsync://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/dag
rsync://mirror.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/dag

3. 编写同步脚本，根据需求进行自动同步
[root@cc-system-manager1 bin]# vi update_yum_source.sh
#!/bin/bash

#==========================================
# Program : update_yum_source.sh
# Info : 定期同步官方 yum 源到本机
# Version : 2013.03.05 First Release
#==========================================

Date=`date +%Y%m%d`
LogFile="/tmp/update_yum_source.log"
CentOSTrunkVer="5"
CentOSCurrentVer="5.9"

RsyncBin="/usr/bin/rsync"
RsyncPerm="-avrt --delete --exclude=debug/ --exclude=isos/"
CentOS_Trunk_Ver_Path="/servers/yum_update/$CentOSTrunkVer"
CentOS_Current_Ver_Path="/servers/yum_update/$CentOSCurrentVer"
YumSiteList="rsync://mirrors.kernel.org/centos"


echo "---- $Date `date +%T` Begin ----" >>$LogFile

# centos 5
$RsyncBin $RsyncPerm $YumSiteList/$CentOSTrunkVer/ \
$CentOS_Trunk_Ver_Path/ >> $LogFile

# centos 5.9
$RsyncBin $RsyncPerm $YumSiteList/$CentOSCurrentVer/ \
$CentOS_Current_Ver_Path/ >> $LogFile

echo "---- $Date `date +%T` End ----" >> $LogFile

[root@cc-system-manager1 bin]# vi update_epel_source.sh
#!/bin/bash

#==========================================
# Program : update_epel_source.sh
# Info : 定期同步官方 epel 源到本机
# Version : 2013.03.05 First Release
#==========================================

Date=`date +%Y%m%d`
LogFile="/tmp/update_epel_source.log"

RsyncBin="/usr/bin/rsync"
RsyncPerm="-avrt --delete --exclude=4/ --exclude=4AS/ --exclude=4ES/ --exclude=4WS/ --exclude=6/ --exclude=testing/"

#============ epel ==============
epelSite="rsync://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora-epel"
epelLocalPath="/servers/epel"

echo "---- $Date `date +%T` Begin ----" >>$LogFile

# epel
$RsyncBin $RsyncPerm $epelSite $epelLocalPath >> $LogFile

echo "---- $Date `date +%T` End ----" >> $LogFile
[root@cc-system-manager1 bin]# vi update_rpmforge_socure.sh
#!/bin/bash

#==========================================
# Program : update_rpmforge_source.sh
# Info : 定期同步官方 rpmforge 源到本机
# Version : 2013.03.05 First Release
#==========================================

Date=`date +%Y%m%d`
LogFile="/tmp/update_rpmforge_source.log"

RsyncBin="/usr/bin/rsync"
RsyncPerm="-avrt --delete --exclude=i386/ --exclude=ppc/ --exclude=source/"


# rpmforge
#rpmforgeSite="rsync://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/"
rpmforgeSite="rsync://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/dag/redhat/el5/en/"
rpmforgeLocalPath="/servers/rpmforge"

echo "---- $Date `date +%T` Begin ----" >>$LogFile

# rpmforge
$RsyncBin $RsyncPerm $rpmforgeSite $rpmforgeLocalPath >> $LogFile

echo "---- $Date `date +%T` End ----" >> $LogFile

4. 在apache的配置文件里做好相应的软连接或者修改主目录指向
cd /var/www/html/
ln -s /servers/yum_update/ yum
ln -s /servers/epel epel
ln -s /servers/rpmforge rpmforge

5. 分别创建3个repo的配置文件，指向本地源所在的服务器，注意目录
[root@cc-monitor yum.repos.d]# vi CentOS-Base.repo
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl=http://172.25.6.8/yum/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
baseurl=http://172.25.6.8/yum/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons
baseurl=http://172.25.6.8/yum/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
baseurl=http://172.25.6.8/yum/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
baseurl=http://172.25.6.8/yum/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib
baseurl=http://172.25.6.8/yum/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

[root@cc-monitor yum.repos.d]# vi epel.repo
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - $basearch
baseurl=http://172.25.6.8/epel/5/$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL

[epel-debuginfo]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - $basearch - Debug
baseurl=http://172.25.6.8/epel/5/$basearch/debug
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL
gpgcheck=1

[epel-source]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - $basearch - Source
baseurl=http://172.25.6.8/epel/5/SRPMS
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL
gpgcheck=1

[root@cc-monitor yum.repos.d]# vi rpmforge.repo
[rpmforge]
name = RHEL $releasever - RPMforge.net - dag
baseurl = http://172.25.6.8/rpmforge/$basearch/rpmforge
enabled = 1
protect = 0
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge
gpgcheck = 1

[rpmforge-extras]
name = RHEL $releasever - RPMforge.net - extras
baseurl = http://172.25.6.8/rpmforge/$basearch/extras
enabled = 0
protect = 0
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge
gpgcheck = 1

[rpmforge-testing]
name = RHEL $releasever - RPMforge.net - testing
baseurl = http://172.25.6.8/rpmforge/$basearch/testing
enabled = 0
protect = 0
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge
gpgcheck = 1

6. 检查gpg key是否完整
[root@cc-monitor ~]# ll /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1512 Apr 25 2010 RPM-GPG-KEY-beta
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1504 Apr 25 2010 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1698 Apr 15 2012 RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL

如果缺少gpg key可以用rpm导入
#在本地yum源服务器
wget http://apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
mv RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge

#在需要yum安装的客户端执行
rpm --import http://172.25.6.8/rpmforge/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge

7. 测试三种Yum源是否可行
#情况缓存
[root@cc-monitor ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning up Everything

#列出可用的仓库一共有22465的可用包
[root@cc-monitor ~]# yum repolist
repo id repo name status
addons enabled: 0 CentOS-5 - Addons
base enabled: 3,641 CentOS-5 - Base
epel enabled: 7,244 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - x86_64
extras enabled: 266 CentOS-5 - Extras
rpmforge enabled: 11,158 RHEL 5 - RPMforge.net - dag
updates enabled: 156 CentOS-5 - Updates
repolist: 22,465


测试CentOS标准软件仓库
[root@cc-monitor ~]# yum install nspr nspr-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nspr.i386 0:4.9.2-2.el5_9 set to be updated
---> Package nspr.x86_64 0:4.9.2-2.el5_9 set to be updated
---> Package nspr-devel.i386 0:4.9.2-2.el5_9 set to be updated
---> Package nspr-devel.x86_64 0:4.9.2-2.el5_9 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

测试epel
[root@cc-monitor ~]# yum install nginx
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nginx.x86_64 0:0.8.55-2.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1()(64bit) for package: nginx
--> Processing Dependency: libgd.so.2()(64bit) for package: nginx
--> Processing Dependency: libexslt.so.0()(64bit) for package: nginx
--> Processing Dependency: libGeoIP.so.1()(64bit) for package: nginx
--> Running transaction check
---> Package GeoIP.x86_64 0:1.4.8-1.el5 set to be updated
---> Package gd.x86_64 0:2.0.33-9.4.el5_4.2 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: pkgconfig for package: gd
--> Processing Dependency: libXpm.so.4()(64bit) for package: gd
---> Package libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.17-4.el5_8.3 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.5-3 set to be updated
---> Package pkgconfig.x86_64 1:0.21-2.el5 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

测试rpmforge
[root@cc-monitor ~]# yum install htop
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
rpmforge
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package htop.x86_64 0:1.0.2-1.el5.rf set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution