关于Java中类加载时对其属性和代码块初始化顺序的研究与测试
2009-04-23 20:54:29 来源:WEB开发网 关于类加载时对其内部属性,代码块初始化(通常是分配栈内存)的顺序的测试结果如下几点:
* 1,类的加载,这是由类加载器执行的,该步骤将查找字节码(通常是在classPath的类路径下)但这种并非是必须的,并从这些字节码中创建Class对象。
* 2,链接,在链接阶段将验证类中的字节码,为静态域分配存储空间,并且如果必须的话。将解析这个类创建的对其他类的所有引用。所有的带有static关键字的成员变量和静态代码块的存储空间就是在这个时候分配的(其中他们的分配空间的顺序是按照代码的先后顺序的)。
* 3,初始化,如果该类具有超类,则对其初始化,执行静态初始化器和静态初始化块(对成员变量和静态初始化块初始化)。
* 首先明确一点,就是不管类的构造器是否对其成员变量进行手动赋值,类在加载的时候都会为其成员变量
* 初始化的,并且它的初始化时机要比构造器初始化早的多(构造器初始化是发生在new对象的时候),
* 对成员变量和静态初始化块初始化得顺序按照当前的代码先后顺序。
以下为测试代码:
测试结果:
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public class StaticInitialization {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Creating new Cupboard() in main");
new Cupboard();
System.out.println("Creating new Cupboard() in main");
new Cupboard();
table.f2(1);
cupboard.f3(1);
}
static Table table = new Table();
static Cupboard cupboard = new Cupboard();
}
class Bowl {
static int i = 9;
{
//静态初始化块
System.out.println(i);
}
static {
//静态代码块
System.out.println("static:" + i);
}
Bowl(int marker) {
System.out.println("Bowl(" + marker + ");");
}
void f1(int marker) {
System.out.println("f1(" + marker + ");");
}
}
class Table {
static Bowl bowl1 = new Bowl(1);
Table() {
System.out.println("Table();");
bowl2.f1(1);
}
void f2(int marker) {
System.out.println("f2(" + marker + ");");
}
static Bowl bowl2 = new Bowl(2);
}
class Cupboard {
Bowl bowl3 = new Bowl(3);
static Bowl bowl4 = new Bowl(4);
Cupboard() {
System.out.println("Cupboard();");
bowl4.f1(2);
}
void f3(int marker) {
System.out.println("f3(" + marker + ");");
}
static Bowl bowl5 = new Bowl(5);
}
public class StaticInitialization {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Creating new Cupboard() in main");
new Cupboard();
System.out.println("Creating new Cupboard() in main");
new Cupboard();
table.f2(1);
cupboard.f3(1);
}
static Table table = new Table();
static Cupboard cupboard = new Cupboard();
}
class Bowl {
static int i = 9;
{
//静态初始化块
System.out.println(i);
}
static {
//静态代码块
System.out.println("static:" + i);
}
Bowl(int marker) {
System.out.println("Bowl(" + marker + ");");
}
void f1(int marker) {
System.out.println("f1(" + marker + ");");
}
}
class Table {
static Bowl bowl1 = new Bowl(1);
Table() {
System.out.println("Table();");
bowl2.f1(1);
}
void f2(int marker) {
System.out.println("f2(" + marker + ");");
}
static Bowl bowl2 = new Bowl(2);
}
class Cupboard {
Bowl bowl3 = new Bowl(3);
static Bowl bowl4 = new Bowl(4);
Cupboard() {
System.out.println("Cupboard();");
bowl4.f1(2);
}
void f3(int marker) {
System.out.println("f3(" + marker + ");");
}
static Bowl bowl5 = new Bowl(5);
}
输出结果:
9
Bowl(1);
9
Bowl(2);
Table();
f1(1);
9
Bowl(4);
9
Bowl(5);
9
Bowl(3);
Cupboard();
f1(2);
Creating new Cupboard() in main
9
Bowl(3);
Cupboard();
f1(2);
Creating new Cupboard() in main
9
Bowl(3);
Cupboard();
f1(2);
f2(1);
f3(1);
具体java虚拟机是怎么管理内存的,和它对堆和栈是如何处理的,还需请教高手指点!
-------此文章仅为本人Java的复习总结
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