Java 多线程同步问题的探究(三、Lock来了,大家都让开【1. 认识重入锁】)
2010-05-14 00:00:00 来源:WEB开发网在上一节中,
我们已经了解了Java多线程编程中常用的关键字synchronized,以及与之相关的对象锁机制。这一节中,让我们一起来认识JDK 5中新引入的并发框架中的锁机制。
我想很多购买了《Java程序员面试宝典》之类图书的朋友一定对下面这个面试题感到非常熟悉:
问:请对比synchronized与java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock 的异同。
答案:主要相同点:Lock能完成synchronized所实现的所有功能
主要不同点:Lock有比synchronized更精确的线程语义和更好的性能。synchronized会自动释放锁,而Lock一定要求程序员手工释放,并且必须在finally从句中释放。
恩,让我们先鄙视一下应试教育。
言归正传,我们先来看一个多线程程序。它使用多个线程对一个Student对象进行访问,改变其中的变量值。我们首先用传统的synchronized 机制来实现它:
public class ThreadDemo implements Runnable {
class Student {
private int age = 0;
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
Student student = new Student();
int count = 0;
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadDemo td = new ThreadDemo();
Thread t1 = new Thread(td, "a");
Thread t2 = new Thread(td, "b");
Thread t3 = new Thread(td, "c");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
public void run() {
accessStudent();
}
public void accessStudent() {
String currentThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println(currentThreadName + " is running!");
synchronized (this) {//(1)使用同一个ThreadDemo对象作为同步锁
System.out.println(currentThreadName + " got lock1@Step1!");
try {
count++;
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
System.out.println(currentThreadName + " first Reading count:" + count);
}
}
System.out.println(currentThreadName + " release lock1@Step1!");
synchronized (this) {//(2)使用同一个ThreadDemo对象作为同步锁
System.out.println(currentThreadName + " got lock2@Step2!");
try {
Random random = new Random();
int age = random.nextInt(100);
System.out.println("thread " + currentThreadName + " set age to:" + age);
this.student.setAge(age);
System.out.println("thread " + currentThreadName + " first read age is:" + this.student.getAge());
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} finally{
System.out.println("thread " + currentThreadName + " second read age is:" + this.student.getAge());
}
}
System.out.println(currentThreadName + " release lock2@Step2!");
}
}
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