sunTechnicalTrainingNOTE

核心提示：drwxrxrx 2 root bin 512 APR 3 10: 45 apache -rwxrr 1 root sys 360 Apr 3 10: 45 asppp. cf 第一位－指正式的文件 c 指字符设备，每个磁盘的块大小为512个字节 b 指块设备，sunTechnicalTrainingNOTE，每个块设

　　drwxrxrx 2 root bin 512 APR 3 10: 45 apache
　　-rwxrr 1 root sys 360 Apr 3 10: 45 asppp. cf
　　
　　第一位－指正式的文件
　　c 指字符设备，每个磁盘的块大小为512个字节
　　b 指块设备，每个块设备的块的大小随着分区的大小变化，但是UFS文件系统的每个块是8k
　　
　　Logical Disk Device Names
　　
　　/dev/[ r] dsk/ c# t# d# s#
　　c#控制器号
　　t#通道号
　　d#驱动器号
　　s#分片号，见下面的描述
　　0－7 Partition or (slice number) Valid numbersare 0－7
　　Tag 0= UNASSIGNED 4= USR Describes the file system
　　1= BOOT 5= BACKUP mounted on this partition
　　2= ROOT 7= VAR
　　3= SWAP 8= HOME
　　
　　/etc/path_ to_ inst记录着启动时每个设备的实例名，物理名
　　只在启动时读一下，并被内核治理。
　　prtconf
　　显示系统配置
　　系统文件的层次及含义
　　
　　/ The root of the overall file system name space
　　/bin The Directory location for standard system commands or binary files
　　/dev The primary location for logical device names
　　/devices The primary location for physical device names
　　/etc Host specific system administrative configuration files and databases
　　/eXPort The default directory for commonly shared file systems
　　/home The default directory or mount point for users home directories
　　/kernel The directory of platform independent loadable kernel modules
　　required as part of the boot process
　　/opt The default directory or mount point for addon application packages
　　/platform The directory of platform dependent loadable kernel modules
　　/sbin Essential executables used in the booting process and in manual system
　　failure recovery
　　/tmp Temporary files; cleared during the boot sequence
　　/usr The directory for programs, scripts, and libraries used by all system users
　　/var The directory for varying files, which usually includes temporary, logging,
　　or status files
　　/mnt A convenient, temporary mount point for file systems
　　
　　几种文件系统的含义及历史
　　UFS
　　" UNIX file system based on the BSD Fast File system is the default disk-based file
　　system for the Solaris Operating environment.
　　
　　?HSFS
　　" High Sierra, Rock Ridge, and ISO 9660 file system. Solaris HSFS is used on CD-ROMs,
　　and provide all UFS file system features and file types
　　
　　?PCFS
　　" PC file system, which allows read/ write access to data and programs on DOS-formatted
　　disks written for DOS-based personalcomputers.
　　
　　?UDF
　　" The UDF file system, the industry-standard format for storing information on the optical
　　media technology called DVD (Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc).
　　
　　
　　Network-Based File Systems
　　?Network-based file systems can be accessed over the network. NFS is
　　the only available network-based or distributed computing file system.
　　
　　" Virtual File Systems
　　?Virtual file systems are memory-based file systems that provide access
　　to special kernel information and facilities.
　　" The Cache File System
　　
　　?The Cache File System (CacheFS) can be used to improve performance
　　of remote file systems or slow devices sUCh as CD-ROM drives. When a
　　file system is cached, the data read from the remote file system or CD-
　　ROM is stored in a cache on the local system.
　　
　　" The Temporary File System
　　?The Temporary File System (TMPFS) uses local memory for file system
　　reads and writes, which is typically much faster than a UFS file system.
　　?TMPFS use the swap space on a disk.
　　
　　The Process File System
　　?The Process File System (PROCFS) resides in memory. It contains a list
　　of active processes, by process number, in the /proc directory.
　　
　　" The Loopback File System
　　?The Loopback File System (LOFS) lets you create a new virtual file
　　system, so you can access files by using an alternative path name.
　　
　　磁盘基本概念
　　Lable( VTOC)
　　?Volume Table of Content, No. 1 disk sector( 512B)
　　
　　" Boot block
　　?Stores the procedures used in booting the system
　　?The boot block is left blank if a file system not to be used for booting
　　?In the next 15 disk sectors
　　
　　" Superblock
　　?Detailed information ablout the file system
　　?Size and status of file system
　　?Date and time of the last update
　　?Cylinder group size
　　?Number of date blocks in cylinder group
　　?Path name and last mount point
　　?In the next 16 disk sectors
　　
　　Inode
　　?All information about a file except its name which is kept in a directory
　　?An inode is 128 byte
　　" Type of the file ( File/ Directory/ Block special/ Character special/ Symbolic link/ pipe/ Socket)
　　" The mode of the file( read-write-execute permissions)
　　
　　
　　
　　读磁盘的 VTOC 信息
　　
　　# prtvtoc /dev/ rdsk/ c1t3d0s2
　　
　　PROM的概念
　　" PROM
　　?Each Sun system has a boot PROM chip. This 8KB chip is typically located
　　on the same board as the CPU
　　?The main functions of the boot PROM are to test the system hardware and
　　boot the operating system
　　" Number of hard link
　　" User ID and group ID
　　" Number of bytes of the file
　　" An array of 15 data block address
　　" The date and time of the file
　　
　　" Data block
　　?The rest of the space allocated to the file system
　　?By default, 8-KB block size, 1- KB fragment size
　　
　　NVRAM的概念
　　
　　?The NVRAM is 8KB of nonvolatile random access memory. This is a
　　pluggable chip that is often located on the main system board
　　?The NVRAM stores the Ethernet address, host ID, and the TOD clock. A
　　single lithium battery within the NVRAM module provides battery backup
　　for the NVRAM and clock
　　?The NVRAM module also contains the EEPROM for the parameters that
　　have been changed or customized from the boot PROMdefault parameters
　　settings
　　?The user-interface commands and device aliases are stored in the NVRAM
　　
　　sun 机器的启动过程
　　Prom--->Run Post--->Prom Load bootblk--->Bootblk Load ufsBoot--->ufsboot loads 32/ 64bit kernel
　　--->Kernel initializes Load modules start init process --->start run rc scripts
　　
　　32 bit kernel
　　/platform/ ’uname m’/ kernel/ genunix
　　/platform/ ’uname m’/ kernel/ unix
　　
　　64 bit kernel
　　/platform/ ’uname m’/ kernel/ sparcv9/ genunix
　　/platform/ ’uname m’/ kernel/ sparcv9/ unix
　　
　　Module directories
　　/kernel
　　/usr/ kernel
　　/platform/ ’uname m’/ kernel
　　/platform/ ’uname i’/ kernel
　　
　　sun 的运行级别
　　Level 0 Powerdown state
　　Level S or s Singleuser state 单用户状态，挂上所有的文件系统
　　Level 1 Administrative state 治理员状态
　　Level 2 Multiuser state 多用户状态，运行大部分服务，不运行NFS服务
　　Level 3 Multiuser state with NFS resources shared 多用户状态，运行全部服务。
　　Level 4 Alternative multiuser state 通常不支持
　　Level 5 Powerdown state
　　Level 6 Reboot state
　　
　　看当前的运行级别
　　who -r
　　
　　The /etc/inittab 记录了启动的级别
　　内容格式
　　id: rstate: action: process
　　s3: 3: wait:/ sbin/ rc3 >/ dev/ msglog 2<> /dev/ msglog 　　
　　_____________ Run levels to which this entry applies
　　
　　______运行脚本
　　
　　启动运行脚本：
　　所有的运行脚本在/sbin下的rc0, rc1, rc2, rc3, rc5, rc6, rc等目录下，每个脚本目录针