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JavaScript就这么回事 (JS基础知识整理)

　2009-01-15 20:03:46　来源：WEB开发网　　　
核心提示：1 创建脚本块 引用内容程序代码<script language=”javaScript”>Javascript 代码写在这里面</script> 2 隐藏脚本代码 引用内容程序代码<script language=”JavaScript”><!--document.write

1 创建脚本块

 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”javaScript”>
Javascript 代码写在这里面
</script>

2 隐藏脚本代码
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
<!--
document.write(“Hello”);
// -->
</script>
在不支持JavaScript的浏览器中将不执行相关代码

3 浏览器不支持的时候显示
 引用内容程序代码
<noscript>
Hello to the non-JavaScript browser.
</noscript>

4 链接外部脚本文件
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript” src="/”filename.js"”></script>

5 注释脚本
 引用内容程序代码
// This is a comment
document.write(“Hello”); // This is a comment
/*
All of this
is a comment
*/

6 输出到浏览器
 引用内容程序代码
document.write(“<strong>Hello</strong>”);

7 定义变量
 引用内容程序代码
var myVariable = “some value”;

8 字符串相加
 引用内容程序代码
var myString = “String1” + “String2”;

9 字符串搜索
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
<!--
var myVariable = “Hello there”;
var therePlace = myVariable.search(“there”);
document.write(therePlace);
// -->
</script>

10 字符串替换
 引用内容程序代码
thisVar.replace(“Monday”,”Friday”);

11 格式化字串
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
<!--
var myVariable = “Hello there”;
document.write(myVariable.big() + “<br>”);
document.write(myVariable.blink() + “<br>”);
document.write(myVariable.bold() + “<br>”);
document.write(myVariable.fixed() + “<br>”);
document.write(myVariable.fontcolor(“red”) + “<br>”);
document.write(myVariable.fontsize(“18pt”) + “<br>”);
document.write(myVariable.italics() + “<br>”);
document.write(myVariable.small() + “<br>”);
document.write(myVariable.strike() + “<br>”);
document.write(myVariable.sub() + “<br>”);
document.write(myVariable.sup() + “<br>”);
document.write(myVariable.toLowerCase() + “<br>”);
document.write(myVariable.toUpperCase() + “<br>”);
var firstString = “My String”;
var finalString = firstString.bold().toLowerCase().fontcolor(“red”);
// -->
</script>

12 创建数组
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
<!--
var myArray = new Array(5);
myArray[0] = “First Entry”;
myArray[1] = “Second Entry”;
myArray[2] = “Third Entry”;
myArray[3] = “Fourth Entry”;
myArray[4] = “Fifth Entry”;
var anotherArray = new Array(“First Entry”,”Second Entry”,”Third Entry”,”Fourth Entry”,”Fifth Entry”);
// -->
</script>

13 数组排序
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
<!--
var myArray = new Array(5);
myArray[0] = “z”;
myArray[1] = “c”;
myArray[2] = “d”;
myArray[3] = “a”;
myArray[4] = “q”;
document.write(myArray.sort());
// -->
</script>

14 分割字符串
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
<!--
var myVariable = “a,b,c,d”;
var stringArray = myVariable.split(“,”);
document.write(stringArray[0]);
document.write(stringArray[1]);
document.write(stringArray[2]);
document.write(stringArray[3]);
// -->
</script>

15 弹出警告信息
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
<!--
window.alert(“Hello”);
// -->
</script>

16 弹出确认框
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
<!--
var result = window.confirm(“Click OK to continue”);
// -->
</script>

17 自定义函数
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
<!--
function multiple(number1,number2) {
var result = number1 * number2;
return result;
}
// -->
</script>

18 调用JS函数
 引用内容程序代码
<a href=”#” onClick=”functionName()”>Link text</a>
<a href="/”javascript:functionName"()”>Link text</a>

19 在页面加载完成后执行函数
 引用内容程序代码
<body onLoad=”functionName();”>
Body of the page
</body>

20 条件判断
 引用内容程序代码
<script>
<!--
var userChoice = window.confirm(“Choose OK or Cancel”);
var result = (userChoice == true) ? “OK” : “Cancel”;
document.write(result);
// -->
</script>

21 指定次数循环
 引用内容程序代码
<script>
<!--
var myArray = new Array(3);
myArray[0] = “Item 0”;
myArray[1] = “Item 1”;
myArray[2] = “Item 2”;
for (i = 0; i < myArray.length; i++) {
document.write(myArray[i] + “<br>”);
}
// -->
</script>

22 设定将来执行
 引用内容程序代码
<script>
<!--
function hello() {
window.alert(“Hello”);
}
window.setTimeout(“hello()”,5000);
// -->
</script> 

23 定时执行函数
 引用内容程序代码
<script>
<!--
function hello() {
window.alert(“Hello”);
window.setTimeout(“hello()”,5000);
}
window.setTimeout(“hello()”,5000);
// -->
</script>

24 取消定时执行
 引用内容程序代码
<script>
<!--
function hello() {
window.alert(“Hello”);
}
var myTimeout = window.setTimeout(“hello()”,5000);
window.clearTimeout(myTimeout);
// -->
</script>

25 在页面卸载时候执行函数
 引用内容程序代码
<body onUnload=”functionName();”>
Body of the page
</body>

JavaScript就这么回事2：浏览器输出

26 访问document对象
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
var myURL = document.URL;
window.alert(myURL);
</script>

27 动态输出HTML
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
document.write(“<p>Here’s some information about this document:</p>”);
document.write(“<ul>”);
document.write(“<li>Referring Document: “ + document.referrer + “</li>”);
document.write(“<li>Domain: “ + document.domain + “</li>”);
document.write(“<li>URL: “ + document.URL + “</li>”);
document.write(“</ul>”);
</script>

28 输出换行
 引用内容程序代码
document.writeln(“<strong>a</strong>”);
document.writeln(“b”);

29 输出日期
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
var thisDate = new Date();
document.write(thisDate.toString());
</script>

30 指定日期的时区
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
var myOffset = -2;
var currentDate = new Date();
var userOffset = currentDate.getTimezoneOffset()/60;
var timeZoneDifference = userOffset - myOffset;
currentDate.setHours(currentDate.getHours() + timeZoneDifference);
document.write(“The time and date in Central Europe is: “ + currentDate.toLocaleString());
</script>

31 设置日期输出格式
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
var thisDate = new Date();
var thisTimeString = thisDate.getHours() + “:” + thisDate.getMinutes();
var thisDateString = thisDate.getFullYear() + “/” + thisDate.getMonth() + “/” + thisDate.getDate();
document.write(thisTimeString + “ on “ + thisDateString);
</script>

32 读取URL参数
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
var urlParts = document.URL.split(“?”);
var parameterParts = urlParts[1].split(“&”);
for (i = 0; i < parameterParts.length; i++) {
var pairParts = parameterParts[i].split(“=”);
var pairName = pairParts[0];
var pairValue = pairParts[1];
document.write(pairName + “ ：“ +pairValue );
}
</script>
你还以为HTML是无状态的么？

33 打开一个新的document对象
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
function newDocument() {
document.open();
document.write(“<p>This is a New Document.</p>”);
document.close();
}
</script>

34 页面跳转
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
window.location = “http://www.x-force.cn/”;
</script>

35 添加网页加载进度窗口
 引用内容程序代码
<html>
<head>
<script language='javaScript'>
var placeHolder = window.open('holder.html','placeholder','width=200,height=200');
</script>
<title>The Main Page</title>
</head>
<body >
<p>This is the main page</p>
</body>
</html>

JavaScript就这么回事3：图像

36 读取图像属性
 引用内容程序代码
<img src="http://www.cncms.com/”image1.jpg"” name=”myImage”>
<a href=”# ” onClick=”window.alert(document.myImage.width)”>Width</a>

37 动态加载图像
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
myImage = new Image;
myImage.src = “Tellers1.jpg”;
</script>

38 简单的图像替换
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
rollImage = new Image;
rollImage.src = “rollImage1.jpg”;
defaultImage = new Image;
defaultImage.src = “image1.jpg”;
</script>
<a href="/”myUrl"” onMouSEOver=”document.myImage.src = rollImage.src;”
onMouseOut=”document.myImage.src = defaultImage.src;”>
<img src="http://www.cncms.com/”image1.jpg"” name=”myImage” width=100 height=100 border=0>

39 随机显示图像
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
var imageList = new Array;
imageList[0] = “image1.jpg”;
imageList[1] = “image2.jpg”;
imageList[2] = “image3.jpg”;
imageList[3] = “image4.jpg”;
var imageChoice = Math.floor(Math.random() * imageList.length);
document.write(‘<img src=”’ + imageList[imageChoice] + ‘“>’);
</script>

40 函数实现的图像替换
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
var source = 0;
var replacement = 1;
function createRollOver(originalImage,replacementImage) {
var imageArray = new Array;
imageArray[source] = new Image;
imageArray[source].src = originalImage;
imageArray[replacement] = new Image;
imageArray[replacement].src = replacementImage;
return imageArray;
}
var rollImage = createRollOver(“image1.jpg”,”rollImage1.jpg”);
</script>
<a href=”#” onMouseOver=”document.myImage1.src = rollImage1[replacement].src;”
onMouseOut=”document.myImage1.src = rollImage1[source].src;”>
<img src="http://www.cncms.com/”image1.jpg"” width=100 name=”myImage1” border=0>
</a>

41 创建幻灯片
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
var imageList = new Array;
imageList[0] = new Image;
imageList[0].src = “image1.jpg”;
imageList[1] = new Image;
imageList[1].src = “image2.jpg”;
imageList[2] = new Image;
imageList[2].src = “image3.jpg”;
imageList[3] = new Image;
imageList[3].src = “image4.jpg”;
function slideShow(imageNumber) {
document.slideShow.src = imageList[imageNumber].src;
imageNumber += 1;
if (imageNumber < imageList.length) {
window.setTimeout(“slideShow(“ + imageNumber + “)”,3000);
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body onLoad=”slideShow(0)”>
<img src="http://www.cncms.com/”image1.jpg"” width=100 name=”slideShow”>

42 随机广告图片
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
var imageList = new Array;
imageList[0] = “image1.jpg”;
imageList[1] = “image2.jpg”;
imageList[2] = “image3.jpg”;
imageList[3] = “image4.jpg”;
var urlList = new Array;
urlList[0] = “http://some.host/”;
urlList[1] = “http://another.host/”;
urlList[2] = “http://somewhere.else/”;
urlList[3] = “http://right.here/”;
var imageChoice = Math.floor(Math.random() * imageList.length);
document.write(‘<a href=”’ + urlList[imageChoice] + ‘“><img src=”’ + imageList[imageChoice] + ‘“></a>’);
</script>

JavaScript就这么回事4：表单

43 表单构成
 引用内容程序代码
<form method=”post” action=”target.html” name=”thisForm”>
<input type=”text” name=”myText”>
<select name=”mySelect”>
<option value=”1”>First Choice</option>
<option value=”2”>Second Choice</option>
</select>
<br>
<input type=”submit” value=”Submit Me”>
</form>

44 访问表单中的文本框内容
 引用内容程序代码
<form name=”myForm”>
<input type=”text” name=”myText”>
</form>
<a href='#' >Check Selection List</a>

48 动态增加Select项
 引用内容程序代码
<form name=”myForm”>
<select name=”mySelect”>
<option value=”First Choice”>1</option>
<option value=”Second Choice”>2</option>
</select>
</form>
<script language=”JavaScript”>
document.myForm.mySelect.length++;
document.myForm.mySelect.options[document.myForm.mySelect.length - 1].text = “3”;
document.myForm.mySelect.options[document.myForm.mySelect.length - 1].value = “Third Choice”;
</script>

49 验证表单字段
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
function checkField(field) {
if (field.value == “”) {
window.alert(“You must enter a value in the field”);
field.focus();
}
}
</script>
<form name=”myForm” action=”target.html”>
Text Field: <input type=”text” name=”myField”onBlur=”checkField(this)”>
<br><input type=”submit”>
</form>

50 验证Select项
 引用内容程序代码
function checkList(selection) {
if (selection.length == 0) {
window.alert(“You must make a selection from the list.”);
return false;
}
return true;
}

51 动态改变表单的action
 引用内容程序代码
<form name=”myForm” action=”login.html”>
Username: <input type=”text” name=”username”><br>
PassWord: <input type=”password” name=”password”><br>
<input type=”button” value=”Login” onClick=”this.form.submit();”>
<input type=”button” value=”Register” onClick=”this.form.action = ‘register.html’; this.form.submit();”>
<input type=”button” value=”Retrieve Password” onClick=”this.form.action = ‘password.html’; this.form.submit();”>
</form>

52 使用图像按钮
 引用内容程序代码
<form name=”myForm” action=”login.html”>
Username: <input type=”text” name=”username”><br>
Password: <input type=”password”name=”password”><br>
<input type=”image” src="http://www.cncms.com/”login.gif"” value=”Login”>
</form>

53 表单数据的加密
 引用内容程序代码
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE='JavaScript'>
<!--
function encrypt(item) {
var newItem = '';
for (i=0; i < item.length; i++) {
newItem += item.charCodeAt(i) + '.';
}
return newItem;
}
function encryptForm(myForm) {
for (i=0; i < myForm.elements.length; i++) {
myForm.elements[i].value = encrypt(myForm.elements[i].value);
}
}

//-->
</SCRIPT>
<form name='myForm' );
</script>

60 是否显示工具栏和滚动栏
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
window.open(“http://www.x-force.cn/",toolbar=no, menubar=no);
</script>

61 是否可以缩放新窗口的大小
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
window.open('http://www.x-force.cn/' , 'myNewWindow', 'resizable=yes' );</script>

62 加载一个新的文档到当前窗口
 引用内容程序代码
<a href='#' );”>Open a full-screen window</a>

65 新窗口和父窗口的操作
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
//定义新窗口
var newWindow = window.open(“128a.html”,”newWindow”);
newWindow.close(); //在父窗口中关闭打开的新窗口
</script>在新窗口中关闭父窗口
程序代码
window.opener.close()

66 往新窗口中写内容
 引用内容程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
var newWindow = window.open(“”,”newWindow”);
newWindow.document.open();
newWindow.document.write(“This is a new window”);
newWIndow.document.close();
</script>

67 加载页面到框架页面
 引用内容程序代码
<frameset cols=”50%,*”>
<frame name=”frame1” src="/”135a.html"”>
<frame name=”frame2” src="/”about:blank"”>
</frameset>
在frame1中加载frame2中的页面
parent.frame2.document.location = “135b.html”;

68 在框架页面之间共享脚本
 引用内容如果在frame1中html文件中有个脚本
程序代码
function doAlert() {
window.alert(“Frame 1 is loaded”);
}
那么在frame2中可以如此调用该方法

程序代码
<body onLoad=”parent.frame1.doAlert();”>
This is frame 2.
</body>

69 数据公用
 引用内容可以在框架页面定义数据项，使得该数据可以被多个框架中的页面公用
程序代码
<script language=”JavaScript”>
var persistentVariable = “This is a persistent value”;
</script>
<frameset cols=”50%,*”>
<frame name=”frame1” src="/”138a.html"”>
<frame name=”frame2” src="/”138b.html"”>
</frameset>

这样在frame1和frame2中都可以使用变量persistentVariable

70 框架代码库
 引用内容根据以上的一些思路，我们可以使用一个隐藏的框架页面来作为整个框架集的代码库

程序代码
<frameset cols=”0,50%,*”>
<frame name=”codeFrame” src="/”140code.html"”>
<frame name=”frame1” src="/”140a.html"”>
<frame name=”frame2” src="/”140b.html"”>
</frameset>

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