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开发学院软件开发VC 深入浅出VC++串口编程之第三方类 阅读

深入浅出VC++串口编程之第三方类

 2008-10-09 19:26:58 来源:WEB开发网   
核心提示:串口类从本系列文章可以看出,与通过WIN32 API进行串口访问相比,深入浅出VC++串口编程之第三方类,通过MScomm这个Activex控件进行串口访问要来的方便许多,它基本上可以向用户屏蔽多线程的细节, 打开前设置有效void SetMaskEvent(DWORD dwEvent = DEFAULT_COM_MA

串口类

从本系列文章可以看出,与通过WIN32 API进行串口访问相比,通过MScomm这个Activex控件进行串口访问要来的方便许多,它基本上可以向用户屏蔽多线程的细节,以事件(发出OnComm消息)方式实现串口的异步访问。

尽管如此,MScomm控件的使用仍有诸多不便,譬如其发送和接收数据都要进行VARIANT类型对象与字符串的转化等。因此,国内外许多优秀的程序员自己编写了一些串口类,使用这些类,我们将可以更方便的操作串口。在笔者的《深入浅出Win32多线程程序设计之综合实例》(网址:http://dev.yesky.com)一文中,曾向读者展示了由Remon Spekreijse编写的CSerialPort串口类,而本文将向您展示由程序员llbird编写的cnComm(中国串口?)串口类。

llbird是一位优秀的程序员,他的代码风格简洁而紧凑,类的声明和实现都被定义在一个头文件中,使用这个类的朋友只需要在工程中包含这一头文件即可:

/*
Comm Base Library(WIN98/NT/2000) ver 1.1
Compile by: BC++ 5; C++ BUILDER 4, 5, 6, X; VC++ 5, 6; VC.NET; GCC;
copyright(c) 2004.5 - 2005.8 llbird wushaojian@21cn.com
*/
#ifndef _CN_COMM_H_
#define _CN_COMM_H_
#pragma warning(disable: 4530)
#pragma warning(disable: 4786)
#pragma warning(disable: 4800)
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
//送到窗口的消息 WPARAM 端口号
#define ON_COM_RECEIVE WM_USER + 618
#define ON_COM_CTS WM_USER + 619 //LPARAM 1 valid
#define ON_COM_DSR WM_USER + 621 //LPARAM 1 valid
#define ON_COM_RING WM_USER + 623
#define ON_COM_RLSD WM_USER + 624
#define ON_COM_BREAK WM_USER + 625
#define ON_COM_TXEMPTY WM_USER + 626
#define ON_COM_ERROR WM_USER + 627 //LPARAM save Error ID
#define DEFAULT_COM_MASK_EVENT EV_RXCHAR | EV_ERR | EV_CTS | EV_DSR | EV_BREAK | EV_TXEMPTY | EV_RING | EV_RLSD
class cnComm
{
 public:
 //------------------------------Construction-----------------------------------
 //第1个参数为是否在打开串口时启动监视线程, 第2个参数为IO方式 阻塞方式(0)/ 异步重叠方式(默认)
 cnComm(bool fAutoBeginThread = true, DWORD dwIOMode =
FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED): _dwIOMode(dwIOMode), _fAutoBeginThread(fAutoBeginThread)
 {
  Init();
 }
 virtual ~cnComm()
 {
  Close();
  UnInit();
 }
 //----------------------------------Attributes----------------------------------
 //判断串口是否打开
 inline bool IsOpen()
 {
  return _hCommHandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
 }
 //判断串口是否打开
 operator bool()
 {
  return _hCommHandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
 }
 //获得串口句炳
 inline HANDLE GetHandle()
 {
  return _hCommHandle;
 }
 //获得串口句炳
 operator HANDLE()
 {
  return _hCommHandle;
 }
 //获得串口参数 DCB
 DCB *GetState()
 {
  return IsOpen() && ::GetCommState(_hCommHandle, &_DCB) == TRUE ?
  &_DCB: NULL;
 }
 //设置串口参数 DCB
 bool SetState(DCB *pdcb = NULL)
 {
  return IsOpen() ? ::SetCommState(_hCommHandle, pdcb == NULL ? &_DCB:pdcb) == TRUE: false;
 }
 //设置串口参数:波特率,停止位,等 支持设置字符串 "9600, 8, n, 1"
 bool SetState(char *szSetStr)
 {
  if (IsOpen())
  {
   if (::GetCommState(_hCommHandle, &_DCB) != TRUE)
    return false;
   if (::BuildCommDCB(szSetStr, &_DCB) != TRUE)
    return false;
   return ::SetCommState(_hCommHandle, &_DCB) == TRUE;
  }
  return false;
 }
 //设置串口参数:波特率,停止位,等
 bool SetState(DWORD dwBaudRate, DWORD dwByteSize = 8, DWORD dwParity =
NOPARITY, DWORD dwStopBits = ONESTOPBIT)
 {
  if (IsOpen())
  {
   if (::GetCommState(_hCommHandle, &_DCB) != TRUE)
    return false;
   _DCB.BaudRate = dwBaudRate;
   _DCB.ByteSize = (unsigned char)dwByteSize;
   _DCB.Parity = (unsigned char)dwParity;
   _DCB.StopBits = (unsigned char)dwStopBits;
   return ::SetCommState(_hCommHandle, &_DCB) == TRUE;
  }
  return false;
 }
 //获得超时结构
 LPCOMMTIMEOUTS GetTimeouts(void)
 {
  return IsOpen() && ::GetCommTimeouts(_hCommHandle, &_CO) == TRUE ?
&_CO: NULL;
 }
 //设置超时
 bool SetTimeouts(LPCOMMTIMEOUTS lpCO)
 {
  return IsOpen() ? ::SetCommTimeouts(_hCommHandle, lpCO) == TRUE:false;
 }
 //设置串口的I/O缓冲区大小
 bool SetBufferSize(DWORD dwInputSize, DWORD dwOutputSize)
 {
  return IsOpen() ? ::SetupComm(_hCommHandle, dwInputSize, dwOutputSize)== TRUE: false;
 }
 //关联消息的窗口句柄
 inline void SetWnd(HWND hWnd)
 {
  assert(::IsWindow(hWnd));
  _hNotifyWnd = hWnd;
 }
 //设定发送通知, 接受字符最小值
 inline void SetNotifyNum(DWORD dwNum)
 {
  _dwNotifyNum = dwNum;
 }
 //线程是否运行
 inline bool IsThreadRunning()
 {
  return _hThreadHandle != NULL;
 }
 //获得线程句柄
 inline HANDLE GetThread()
 {
  return _hThreadHandle;
 }
 //设置要监视的事件, 打开前设置有效
 void SetMaskEvent(DWORD dwEvent = DEFAULT_COM_MASK_EVENT)
 {
  _dwMaskEvent = dwEvent;
 }
 //获得读缓冲区的字符数
 int GetInputSize()
 {
  COMSTAT Stat;
  DWORD dwError;
  return ::ClearCommError(_hCommHandle, &dwError, &Stat) == TRUE ? Stat.cbInQue : (DWORD) - 1L;
 }
 //----------------------------------Operations----------------------------------
 //打开串口 缺省 9600, 8, n, 1
 bool Open(DWORD dwPort)
 {
  return Open(dwPort, 9600);
 }
 //打开串口 缺省 baud_rate, 8, n, 1
 bool Open(DWORD dwPort, DWORD dwBaudRate)
 {
  if (dwPort < 1 || dwPort > 1024)
   return false;
  BindCommPort(dwPort);
  if (!OpenCommPort())
   return false;
  if (!SetupPort())
   return false;
  return SetState(dwBaudRate);
 }
 //打开串口, 使用类似"9600, 8, n, 1"的设置字符串设置串口
 bool Open(DWORD dwPort, char *szSetStr)
 {
  if (dwPort < 1 || dwPort > 1024)
   return false;
  BindCommPort(dwPort);
  if (!OpenCommPort())
   return false;
  if (!SetupPort())
   return false;
  return SetState(szSetStr);
 }
 //读取串口 dwBufferLength个字符到 Buffer 返回实际读到的字符数 可读任意数据
 DWORD Read(LPVOID Buffer, DWORD dwBufferLength, DWORD dwWaitTime = 10)
 {
  if (!IsOpen())
   return 0;
  COMSTAT Stat;
  DWORD dwError;
  if (::ClearCommError(_hCommHandle, &dwError, &Stat) && dwError > 0)
  {
   ::PurgeComm(_hCommHandle,PURGE_RXABORT | PURGE_RXCLEAR);
   return 0;
  } 
  if (!Stat.cbInQue)
   // 缓冲区无数据
   return 0;
  unsigned long uReadLength = 0;
  dwBufferLength = dwBufferLength > Stat.cbInQue ? Stat.cbInQue :dwBufferLength;
  if (!::ReadFile(_hCommHandle, Buffer, dwBufferLength, &uReadLength,&_ReadOverlapped))
  {
   if (::GetLastError() == ERROR_IO_PENDING)
   {
    WaitForSingleObject(_ReadOverlapped.hEvent, dwWaitTime);
    // 结束异步I/O
    if (!::GetOverlappedResult(_hCommHandle, &_ReadOverlapped,&uReadLength, false))
    {
     if (::GetLastError() != ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE)
      uReadLength = 0;
    }
   }
   else
    uReadLength = 0;
  }
  return uReadLength;
 }
 //读取串口 dwBufferLength - 1 个字符到 szBuffer 返回ANSI C 模式字符串指针 适合一般字符通讯
 char *ReadString(char *szBuffer, DWORD dwBufferLength, DWORD dwWaitTime =20)
 {
  unsigned long uReadLength = Read(szBuffer, dwBufferLength - 1,dwWaitTime);
  szBuffer[uReadLength] = '';
  return szBuffer;
 }
 //写串口 可写任意数据 "abcd" or "x0x1x2"
 DWORD Write(LPVOID Buffer, DWORD dwBufferLength)
 {
  if (!IsOpen())
   return 0;
  DWORD dwError;
  if (::ClearCommError(_hCommHandle, &dwError, NULL) && dwError > 0)
   ::PurgeComm(_hCommHandle, PURGE_TXABORT | PURGE_TXCLEAR);
  unsigned long uWriteLength = 0;
  if (!::WriteFile(_hCommHandle, Buffer, dwBufferLength, &uWriteLength,&_WriteOverlapped))
   if (::GetLastError() != ERROR_IO_PENDING)
    uWriteLength = 0;
   return uWriteLength;
  }
  //写串口 写ANSI C 模式字符串指针
  DWORD Write(const char *szBuffer)
  {
   assert(szBuffer);
   return Write((void*)szBuffer, strlen(szBuffer));
  }
  //读串口 同步应用
  DWORD ReadSync(LPVOID Buffer, DWORD dwBufferLength)
  {
   if (!IsOpen())
    return 0;
   DWORD dwError;
   if (::ClearCommError(_hCommHandle, &dwError, NULL) && dwError > 0)
   {
    ::PurgeComm(_hCommHandle,PURGE_RXABORT | PURGE_RXCLEAR);
    return 0;
   }
   DWORD uReadLength = 0;
   ::ReadFile(_hCommHandle, Buffer, dwBufferLength, &uReadLength, NULL);
   return uReadLength;
  }
  //写串口 同步应用
  DWORD WriteSync(LPVOID Buffer, DWORD dwBufferLength)
  {
   if (!IsOpen())
    return 0;
   DWORD dwError;
   if (::ClearCommError(_hCommHandle, &dwError, NULL) && dwError > 0)
    ::PurgeComm(_hCommHandle, PURGE_TXABORT | PURGE_TXCLEAR);
   unsigned long uWriteLength = 0;
   ::WriteFile(_hCommHandle, Buffer, dwBufferLength, &uWriteLength, NULL);
   return uWriteLength;
  }
  //写串口 szBuffer 可以输出格式字符串 包含缓冲区长度
  DWORD Write(char *szBuffer, DWORD dwBufferLength, char *szFormat, ...)
  {
   if (!IsOpen())
    return 0;
   va_list va;
   va_start(va, szFormat);
   _vsnprintf(szBuffer, dwBufferLength, szFormat, va);
   va_end(va);
   return Write(szBuffer);
  }
  //写串口 szBuffer 可以输出格式字符串 不检查缓冲区长度 小心溢出
  DWORD Write(char *szBuffer, char *szFormat, ...)
  {
   if (!IsOpen())
    return 0;
   va_list va;
   va_start(va, szFormat);
   vsprintf(szBuffer, szFormat, va);
   va_end(va);
   return Write(szBuffer);
  }
  //关闭串口 同时也关闭关联线程
  virtual void Close()
  {
   if (IsOpen())
   {
    PurgeComm(_hCommHandle, PURGE_TXABORT | PURGE_TXCLEAR);
    EndThread();
    ::CloseHandle(_hCommHandle);
    _hCommHandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
   }
  }
  //DTR 电平控制
  bool SetDTR(bool OnOrOff)
  {
   return IsOpen() ? EscapeCommFunction(_hCommHandle, OnOrOff ? SETDTR :CLRDTR): false;
  }
  //RTS 电平控制
  bool SetRTS(bool OnOrOff)
  {
   return IsOpen() ? EscapeCommFunction(_hCommHandle, OnOrOff ? SETRTS :CLRRTS): false;
  }
  //
  bool SetBreak(bool OnOrOff)
  {
   return IsOpen() ? EscapeCommFunction(_hCommHandle, OnOrOff ? SETBREAK: CLRBREAK): false;
  }
  //辅助线程控制 建监视线程
  bool BeginThread()
  {
   if (!IsThreadRunning())
   {
    _fRunFlag = true;
    _hThreadHandle = NULL;
    DWORD id;
    _hThreadHandle = ::CreateThread(NULL, 0, CommThreadProc, this, 0,&id);
    return (_hThreadHandle != NULL);
   }
   return false;
  }
  //暂停监视线程
  inline bool SuspendThread()
  {
   return IsThreadRunning() ? ::SuspendThread(_hThreadHandle) !=0xFFFFFFFF: false;
  }
  //恢复监视线程
  inline bool ResumeThread()
  {
   return IsThreadRunning() ? ::ResumeThread(_hThreadHandle) !=0xFFFFFFFF: false;
  }
  //终止线程
  bool EndThread(DWORD dwWaitTime = 100)
  {
   if (IsThreadRunning())
   {
    _fRunFlag = false;
    ::SetCommMask(_hCommHandle, 0);
    ::SetEvent(_WaitOverlapped.hEvent);
    if (::WaitForSingleObject(_hThreadHandle, dwWaitTime) !=WAIT_OBJECT_0)
     if (!::TerminateThread(_hThreadHandle, 0))
      return false;
     ::CloseHandle(_hThreadHandle);
     ::ResetEvent(_WaitOverlapped.hEvent);
     _hThreadHandle = NULL;
     return true;
   }
   return false;
  }
 protected:
  volatile DWORD _dwPort; //串口号
  volatile HANDLE _hCommHandle; //串口句柄
  char _szCommStr[20]; //保存COM1类似的字符串
  DCB _DCB; //波特率,停止位,等
  COMMTIMEOUTS _CO; //超时结构
  DWORD _dwIOMode; // 0 同步 默认 FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED重叠I/O异步
  OVERLAPPED _ReadOverlapped, _WriteOverlapped; // 重叠I/O
  volatile HANDLE _hThreadHandle; //辅助线程
  volatile HWND _hNotifyWnd; // 通知窗口
  volatile DWORD _dwNotifyNum; //接受多少字节(>=_dwNotifyNum)发送通知消息
  volatile DWORD _dwMaskEvent; //监视的事件
  volatile bool _fRunFlag; //线程运行循环标志
  bool _fAutoBeginThread; //Open() 自动 BeginThread();
  OVERLAPPED _WaitOverlapped; //WaitCommEvent use
  //初始化
  void Init()
  {
   memset(_szCommStr, 0, 20);
   memset(&_DCB, 0, sizeof(_DCB));
   _DCB.DCBlength = sizeof(_DCB);
   _hCommHandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
   memset(&_ReadOverlapped, 0, sizeof(_ReadOverlapped));
   memset(&_WriteOverlapped, 0, sizeof(_WriteOverlapped));
   _ReadOverlapped.hEvent = ::CreateEvent(NULL, true, false, NULL);
   assert(_ReadOverlapped.hEvent != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
   _WriteOverlapped.hEvent = ::CreateEvent(NULL, true, false, NULL);
   assert(_WriteOverlapped.hEvent != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
   _hNotifyWnd = NULL;
   _dwNotifyNum = 0;
   _dwMaskEvent = DEFAULT_COM_MASK_EVENT;
   _hThreadHandle = NULL;
   memset(&_WaitOverlapped, 0, sizeof(_WaitOverlapped));
   _WaitOverlapped.hEvent = ::CreateEvent(NULL, true, false, NULL);
   assert(_WaitOverlapped.hEvent != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
  }
  //析构
  void UnInit()
  {
   if (_ReadOverlapped.hEvent != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    CloseHandle(_ReadOverlapped.hEvent);
   if (_WriteOverlapped.hEvent != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    CloseHandle(_WriteOverlapped.hEvent);
   if (_WaitOverlapped.hEvent != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    CloseHandle(_WaitOverlapped.hEvent);
  }
  //绑定串口
  void BindCommPort(DWORD dwPort)
  {
   assert(dwPort >= 1 && dwPort <= 1024);
   char p[5];
   _dwPort = dwPort;
   strcpy(_szCommStr, ".COM");
   ltoa(_dwPort, p, 10);
   strcat(_szCommStr, p);
  }
  //打开串口
  virtual bool OpenCommPort()
  {
   if (IsOpen())
    Close();
   _hCommHandle = ::CreateFile(_szCommStr, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | _dwIOMode,NULL);
   if (_fAutoBeginThread)
   {
    if (IsOpen() && BeginThread())
     return true;
    else
    {
     Close(); //创建线程失败
     return false;
    }
   }
   return IsOpen();
  }
  //设置串口
  virtual bool SetupPort()
  {
   if (!IsOpen())
    return false;
   if (!::SetupComm(_hCommHandle, 4096, 4096))
    return false;
   if (!::GetCommTimeouts(_hCommHandle, &_CO))
    return false;
   _CO.ReadIntervalTimeout = 0;
   _CO.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 1;
   _CO.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant = 1000;
   _CO.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 1;
   _CO.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant = 1000;
   if (!::SetCommTimeouts(_hCommHandle, &_CO))
    return false;
   if (!::PurgeComm(_hCommHandle, PURGE_TXABORT | PURGE_RXABORT |PURGE_TXCLEAR | PURGE_RXCLEAR))
    return false;
   return true;
  }
  //---------------------------------------threads callback-----------------------------------
  //线程收到消息自动调用, 如窗口句柄有效, 送出消息, 包含串口编号, 均为虚函数可以在基层类中扩展
  virtual void OnReceive() //EV_RXCHAR
  {
   if (::IsWindow(_hNotifyWnd))
    ::PostMessage(_hNotifyWnd, ON_COM_RECEIVE, WPARAM(_dwPort), LPARAM (0));
  }
  virtual void OnDSR()
  {
   if (::IsWindow(_hNotifyWnd))
   {
    DWORD Status;
    if (GetCommModemStatus(_hCommHandle, &Status))
     ::PostMessage(_hNotifyWnd, ON_COM_DSR, WPARAM(_dwPort),LPARAM((Status &MS_DSR_ON) ? 1 : 0));
   }
  }
  virtual void OnCTS()
  {
   if (::IsWindow(_hNotifyWnd))
   {
    DWORD Status;
    if (GetCommModemStatus(_hCommHandle, &Status))
     ::PostMessage(_hNotifyWnd, ON_COM_CTS, WPARAM(_dwPort), LPARAM( (Status &MS_CTS_ON) ? 1 : 0));
   }
  }
  virtual void OnBreak()
  {
   if (::IsWindow(_hNotifyWnd))
   {
    ::PostMessage(_hNotifyWnd, ON_COM_BREAK, WPARAM(_dwPort), LPARAM(0));
   }
  }
  virtual void OnTXEmpty()
  {
   if (::IsWindow(_hNotifyWnd))
    ::PostMessage(_hNotifyWnd, ON_COM_TXEMPTY, WPARAM(_dwPort), LPARAM (0));
  }
  virtual void OnError()
  {
   DWORD dwError;
   ::ClearCommError(_hCommHandle, &dwError, NULL);
   if (::IsWindow(_hNotifyWnd))
    ::PostMessage(_hNotifyWnd, ON_COM_ERROR, WPARAM(_dwPort), LPARAM (dwError));
  }
  virtual void OnRing()
  {
   if (::IsWindow(_hNotifyWnd))
    ::PostMessage(_hNotifyWnd, ON_COM_RING, WPARAM(_dwPort), LPARAM(0));
  }
  virtual void OnRLSD()
  {
   if (::IsWindow(_hNotifyWnd))
    ::PostMessage(_hNotifyWnd, ON_COM_RLSD, WPARAM(_dwPort), LPARAM(0));
  }
  virtual DWORD ThreadFunc()
  {
   if (!::SetCommMask(_hCommHandle, _dwMaskEvent))
   {
    char szBuffer[256];
    _snprintf(szBuffer, 255,
"%s(%d) : COM%d Call WINAPI SetCommMask(%x, %x) Fail, thread work invalid! GetLastError() = %d;", __FILE__, __LINE__, _dwPort, _hCommHandle, _dwMaskEvent, GetLastError());
    MessageBox(NULL, szBuffer, "Class cnComm", MB_OK);
    return 1;
   }
   COMSTAT Stat;
   DWORD dwError;
   for (DWORD dwLength, dwMask = 0; _fRunFlag && IsOpen(); dwMask = 0)
   {
    if (!::WaitCommEvent(_hCommHandle, &dwMask, &_WaitOverlapped))
    {
     if (::GetLastError() == ERROR_IO_PENDING)
      // asynchronous
      ::GetOverlappedResult(_hCommHandle, &_WaitOverlapped,&dwLength, TRUE);
     else
      continue;
    }
    if (dwMask == 0)
     continue;
    switch (dwMask)
    {
     case EV_RXCHAR:
      ::ClearCommError(_hCommHandle, &dwError, &Stat);
      if (Stat.cbInQue >= _dwNotifyNum)
       OnReceive();
      break;
     case EV_TXEMPTY:
      OnTXEmpty();
      break;
 
     case EV_CTS:
      OnCTS();
      break;
     case EV_DSR:
      OnDSR();
      break;
     case EV_RING:
      OnRing();
      break;
     case EV_RLSD:
      OnRLSD();
      break;
     case EV_BREAK:
      OnBreak();
      break;
     case EV_ERR:
      OnError();
      break;
    } //case
   } //for
   return 0;
  }
 private:
  //the function protected
  cnComm(const cnComm &);
  cnComm &operator = (const cnComm &);
  //base function for thread
  static DWORD WINAPI CommThreadProc(LPVOID lpPara)
  {
   return ((cnComm*)lpPara)->ThreadFunc();
  }
 };
#endif //_CN_COMM_H_

Tags:深入浅出 VC 串口

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