Oracle-sqlldr
2012-07-17 14:08:06 来源:WEB开发网核心提示:4.1说明一个控制命令的脚本文件,通常以ctl结尾,Oracle-sqlldr(2),内容如下:LOAD DATA 控制文件标识INFILE ' D:\work\Sqlldr\培训\data.txt ' 要导入的文件// INFILE 'tt.date' 导入多个文件// INF
4.1 说明
4.2 示例
4.3 几种装载方式4.3.1 普通装载
4.3.2 FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE 和 FIELDSTERMINATED BY x'09' 的情况
4.3.4 position的列子
4.3.5 nullif 子句
4.3.6 多文件导入
4.3.7 导入多个表
一个控制命令的脚本文件,通常以ctl结尾,内容如下:
LOAD DATA 控制文件标识
INFILE ' D:\work\Sqlldr\培训\data.txt ' 要导入的文件
// INFILE 'tt.date' 导入多个文件
// INFILE * 表示要导入的内容就在control文件里 下面的BEGINDATA后面就是导入的内容
INTO TABLE TBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR.ctl 指定装入的表
BADFILE 'D:\work\Sqlldr\培训\TBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR.bad' 可选,指定坏文件地址,缺省在当前目录下生成与原文件名一致的.bad文件
*************以下是4种装入表的方式
APPEND 原先的表有数据 就加在后面
INSERT 装载空表 如果原先的表有数据 sqlloader会停止 默认值
REPLACE 原先的表有数据 原先的数据会全部删除
TRUNCATE 指定的内容和replace的相同 会用truncate语句删除现存数据
*************指定分隔符
FIELDSTERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
// TERMINATED BY WRITESPACE 以空白分割
// TERMINATED BY X'09' 以X'09'分割,制表符
TRAILINGNULLCOLS 表的字段没有对应的值时允许为空
*************下面是表的字段
(
TEMP_NAME,
TEMP_SEX,
TEMP_BIRTHDATE DATE "yyyy-mm-dd",
TEMP_HEIGHT,
TEMP_WEIGHT
)
如果没声明FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 时,可以用下面两种方式实现同样功能:
1.为每一列指定分隔符
(
col_1[interger external] TERMINATED BY ',' ,
col_2 [date"dd-mon-yyy"] TERMINATED BY ',' ,
col_3 [char]TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY 'lg'
)
2.用位置告诉字段装载数据
(
col_1position(1:2),
col_2 position(3:10),
col_3position(*:16), // 这个字段的开始位置在前一字段的结束位置
col_4position(1:16),
col_5position(3:10) char(8) // 指定字段的类型
)
BEGINDATA 对应开始的 INFILE * 要导入的内容就在control文件里
"小红","女","1983-11-26","161","53"
"小橙","男","1977-02-28","175","70"
"小黄","男","1980-12-27","180","78"
"小绿","男","1984-04-13","178","73"
"小青","女","1975-05-16","165","51"
"小蓝","男","1987-03-25","172","80"
"小紫","女","1986-10-17","159","49"
load data
infile *
truncate into tableTBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR
fields terminated by ',' optionallyenclosed by '"'
(
TEMP_NAME,
TEMP_SEX,
TEMP_BIRTHDATE DATE "yyyy-mm-dd",
TEMP_HEIGHT,
TEMP_WEIGHT
)
begindata
"小红","女","1983-11-26","161","53"
"小橙","男","1977-02-28","175","70"
"小黄","男","1980-12-27","180","78"
"小绿","男","1984-04-13","178","73"
"小青","女","1975-05-16","165","51"
"小蓝","男","1987-03-25","172","80"
"小紫","女","1986-10-17","159","49"
==============================================================
//////////// 注意begindata后的数值前面不能有空格
load data
infile *
truncate into table TBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR
fields terminated by ',' optionallyenclosed by '"'
(
TEMP_NAME,
TEMP_SEX,
TEMP_BIRTHDATE DATE "yyyy-mm-dd",
TEMP_HEIGHT,
TEMP_WEIGHT
)
begindata
小红,女,1983-11-26,161,53
小橙,男,1977-02-28,175,70
"小黄,小白",男,1980-12-27,180,78
小绿,男,1984-04-13,178,73
小青,女,1975-05-16,165,51
小蓝,男,1987-03-25,172,80
小紫,女,1986-10-17,159,,49
4.3.2 FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE 和 FIELDSTERMINATED BY x'09' 的情况
load data
infile *
truncate into tableTBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR
fields terminated by WHITESPACE
-- FIELDS TERMINATED BY x'09'
(
TEMP_NAME,
TEMP_SEX,
TEMP_BIRTHDATE DATE "yyyy-mm-dd",
TEMP_HEIGHT,
TEMP_WEIGHT
)
begindata
小红 女 1983-11-26 16153
小橙 男 1977-02-28 17570
小黄 男 1980-12-27 18078
小绿 男 1984-04-13 17873
小青 女 1975-05-16 16551
小蓝 男 1987-03-25 17280
小紫 女 1986-10-17 15949
用于xls导数据
4.3.3 指定不装载那一列
load data
infile *
truncate into tableTBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR
fields terminated by ',' optionallyenclosed by '"'
(
TEMP_NAME,
TEMP_SEX,
TEMP_HOBBY FILLER,
TEMP_BIRTHDATE DATE "yyyy-mm-dd",
TEMP_HEIGHT,
TEMP_WEIGHT
)
begindata
"小红","女","登山","1983-11-26","161","53"
"小橙","男","玩游戏","1977-02-28","175","70"
"小黄","男","篮球","1980-12-27","180","78"
"小绿","男","唱歌","1984-04-13","178","73"
"小青","女","购物","1975-05-16","165","51"
"小蓝","男","打架","1987-03-25","172","80"
"小紫","女","游泳","1986-10-17","159","49"
4.3.4 position的列子
load data
infile *
truncate into tableTBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR
(
TEMP_NAME position(1:4),
TEMP_SEX position(*:6),
TEMP_BIRTHDATE position(*:16) DATE "yyyy-mm-dd",
TEMP_HEIGHT position (*:20),
TEMP_WEIGHT position(*:21)
)
begindata
小红女1983-11-2616153
小橙男1977-02-2817570
小黄男1980-12-2718078
小绿男1984-04-1317873
小青女1975-05-1616551
小蓝男1987-03-2517280
小紫女1986-10-1715949
4.3.5 nullif 子句
load data
infile *
truncate into tableTBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR
fields terminated by ',' optionallyenclosed by '"'
(
TEMP_NAME,
TEMP_SEX NULLIF TEMP_SEX = '男',
TEMP_BIRTHDATE DATE "yyyy-mm-dd",
TEMP_HEIGHT,
TEMP_WEIGHT
)
begindata
"小红","女","1983-11-26","161","53"
"小橙","男","1977-02-28","175","70"
"小黄","男","1980-12-27","180","78"
"小绿","男","1984-04-13","178","73"
"小青","女","1975-05-16","165","51"
"小蓝","男","1987-03-25","172","80"
"小紫","女","1986-10-17","159","49"
多个数据文件导入同一个表
load data
infile 'D:\work\Sqlldr\培训\data.txt'
infile 'D:\work\Sqlldr\培训\data2.txt'
truncate into tableTBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR
fields terminated by ',' optionallyenclosed by '"'
(
TEMP_NAME,
TEMP_SEX,
TEMP_BIRTHDATE DATE "yyyy-mm-dd hh24",
TEMP_HEIGHT,
TEMP_WEIGHT
)
load data
infile 'D:\work\Sqlldr\培训\data.txt'
truncate into table TBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR
when TEMP_SEX = '男'
fields terminated by ',' optionallyenclosed by '"'
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(
TEMP_NAME,
TEMP_SEX,
TEMP_BIRTHDATE DATE 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24',
TEMP_HEIGHT,
TEMP_WEIGHT
)
into table TBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR_01
when TEMP_SEX = '女'
fields terminated by ',' optionallyenclosed by '"'
(
TEMP_NAME position(1),
TEMP_SEX,
TEMP_BIRTHDATE DATE 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24',
TEMP_HEIGHT,
TEMP_WEIGHT
)
需要注意的是要在后续的表中加入position(1), 指明开始位置是从头开始,否则只有第一个表中能够导入数据
5 坏文件/日志文件
执行完 sqlldr 后希望能留意一下生成的几个文件,如 users.log 日志文件、users.bad 坏数据文件等。特别是要看看日志文件,从中可让你更好的理解 SqlLoader,里面有对控制文件的解析、列出每个字段的类型、加载记录的统计、出错原因等信息
loaddata
infile*
truncateinto table TBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR
fieldsterminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '"'
(
TEMP_NAME,
TEMP_SEX,
TEMP_BIRTHDATE DATE "yyyy-mm-ddhh24",
TEMP_HEIGHT,
TEMP_WEIGHT
)
begindata
"小红","女","1983-11-26","a161","53"
"小橙","男","1977-02-28","175","70"
"小黄","男","1980-12-27","180","78"
"小绿","男","1984-04-13","178","73"
"小青","女","1975-05-16","165","51"
"小蓝","男","1987-03-25","172","80"
"小紫","女","1986-10-17","159","49"
5.1 失败文件
TBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR.bad
"小红","女","1983-11-26","a161","53"
5.2 日志文件
TBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR.log
SQL*Loader:Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 星期三 4月 6 16:03:54 2011
Copyright(c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rightsreserved.
控制文件: TBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR.ctl
数据文件: TBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR.ctl
错误文件: TBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR.bad
废弃文件: 未作指定
(可废弃所有记录)
要加载的数: ALL
要跳过的数: 0
允许的错误: 50
绑定数组: 64 行, 最大 256000 字节
继续: 未作指定
所用路径: 常规
表 TBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR,已加载从每个逻辑记录
插入选项对此表 TRUNCATE 生效
列名 位置 长度 中止 包装数据类型
---------------------------------------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
TEMP_NAME FIRST * , O (") CHARACTER
TEMP_SEX NEXT * , O (") CHARACTER
TEMP_BIRTHDATE NEXT * , O (") DATE yyyy-mm-dd hh24
TEMP_HEIGHT NEXT * , O (") CHARACTER
TEMP_WEIGHT NEXT * , O (") CHARACTER
记录 1: 被拒绝 - 表TBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR 的列 TEMP_HEIGHT 出现错误。
ORA-01722:invalid number
表 TBL_TEMP_WJN_SQLLDR:
6 行 加载成功。
由于数据错误, 1 行 没有加载。
由于所有 WHEN 子句失败, 0 行 没有加载。
由于所有字段都为空的, 0 行 没有加载。
为绑定数组分配的空间: 82560 字节 (64 行)
读取 缓冲区字节数: 1048576
跳过的逻辑记录总数: 0
读取的逻辑记录总数: 7
拒绝的逻辑记录总数: 1
废弃的逻辑记录总数: 0
从星期三 4月 06 16:03:54 2011 开始运行
在星期三 4月 06 16:03:55 2011 处运行结束
经过时间为: 00: 00: 00.21
CPU时间为: 00: 00: 00.06
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