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详述SQL Server 2005对称密钥加密技术

 2007-10-30 09:49:19 来源:WEB开发网   
核心提示: Key_GUID( 'Key_Name' )EncryptByKey的语法为:EncryptByKey( key_GUID, { 'cleartext' | @cleartext } [ , { add_authenticator | @add_authen

Key_GUID( 'Key_Name' )
EncryptByKey的语法为:
EncryptByKey( key_GUID, { 'cleartext' | @cleartext }
       [ , { add_authenticator | @add_authenticator }
        , { authenticator | @authenticator } ]
      )

Key_GUID是对称密钥的GUID,cleartext为明文,Add_authenticator和authenticator指示是否使用验证器来禁止对加密字段进行整个值替换。

DecryptByKey做EncryptByKey相反的事情,它解密先前使用EncryptByKey加密的数据。语法为:

DecryptByKey( { 'ciphertext' | @ciphertext }
       [ , add_authenticator
        , { authenticator | @authenticator } ]
      )

Ciphertext是密文。Add_authenticator,authenticator,如果指定,必须和先前EncryptByKey时指定相同的值。DecryptByKey不需要你显示指定对称密钥的GUID。但使用的对称密钥必须已经在当前数据库中打开。OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY用来打开对称密钥。

下面的代码演示使用对称密钥来加密和解密。

-- Use the AdventureWorks database
USE AdventureWorks;
  
-- Create a Database Master Key
CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'p@ssw0rd';
  
-- Create a Temp Table
CREATE TABLE Person.#Temp
(ContactID  INT PRIMARY KEY,
FirstName  NVARCHAR(200),
MiddleName NVARCHAR(200),
LastName  NVARCHAR(200),
eFirstName VARBINARY(200),
eMiddleName VARBINARY(200),
eLastName  VARBINARY(200));
  
-- Create a Test Certificate
CREATE CERTIFICATE TestCertificate
  WITH SUBJECT = 'Adventureworks Test Certificate',
  EXPIRY_DATE = '10/31/2009';
  
-- Create a Symmetric Key
CREATE SYMMETRIC KEY TestSymmetricKey
  WITH ALGORITHM = TRIPLE_DES
  ENCRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE TestCertificate;
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY TestSymmetricKey
  DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE TestCertificate;
  
-- EncryptByKey demonstration encrypts 100 names from the Person.Contact table
INSERT
INTO Person.#Temp (ContactID, eFirstName, eMiddleName, eLastName)
SELECT ContactID,
  EncryptByKey(Key_GUID('TestSymmetricKey'), FirstName),
  EncryptByKey(Key_GUID('TestSymmetricKey'), MiddleName),
  EncryptByKey(Key_GUID('TestSymmetricKey'), LastName)
FROM Person.Contact
WHERE ContactID <= 100;
  
-- DecryptByKey demonstration decrypts the previously encrypted data
UPDATE Person.#Temp
SET FirstName = DecryptByKey(eFirstName),
  MiddleName = DecryptByKey(eMiddleName),
  LastName = DecryptByKey(eLastName);
  
-- View the results
SELECT *
FROM Person.#Temp;
  
-- Clean up work: drop temp table, symmetric key, test certificate and master key
DROP TABLE Person.#Temp;
CLOSE SYMMETRIC KEY TestSymmetricKey;
DROP SYMMETRIC KEY TestSymmetricKey;
DROP CERTIFICATE TestCertificate;
DROP MASTER KEY;

4.结论

SQL Server内置了用来加密敏感数据的密钥、证书等函数。使用这个功能可以极大的增加数据库和应用的安全性。

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Tags:详述 SQL Server

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