内存调试技巧
2008-11-13 08:31:57 来源:WEB开发网内存编程的策略
勤奋和自律可以让这些错误造成的影响降至最低限度。下面我们介绍一下您可以采用的几个特定步骤;我在各种组织中处理它们的经验是,至少可以按一定的数量级持续减少内存错误。
编码风格
编码风格是最重要的,我还从没有看到过其他任何作者对此加以强调。影响资源(特别是内存)的函数和方法需要显式地解释本身。下面是有关标头、注释或名称的一些示例(请参见清单 6)。
清单 6. 识别资源的源代码示例
/********
* ...
*
* Note that any function invoking protected_file_read()
* assumes responsibility eventually to fclose() its
* return value, UNLESS that value is NULL.
*
********/
FILE *protected_file_read(char *filename)
{
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen(filename, "r");
if (fp) {
...
} else {
...
}
return fp;
}
/*******
* ...
*
* Note that the return value of get_message points to a
* fixed memory location. Do NOT free() it; remember to
* make a copy if it must be retained ...
*
********/
char *get_message()
{
static char this_buffer[400];
...
(void) sprintf(this_buffer, ...);
return this_buffer;
}
/********
* ...
* While this function uses heap memory, and so
* temporarily might expand the over-all memory
* footprint, it properly cleans up after itself.
*
********/
int f6(char *item1)
{
my_class c1;
int result;
...
c1 = new my_class(item1);
...
result = c1.x;
delete c1;
return result;
}
/********
* ...
* Note that f8() is documented to return a value
* which needs to be returned to heap; as f7 thinly
* wraps f8, any code which invokes f7() must be
* careful to free() the return value.
*
********/
int *f7()
{
int *p;
p = f8(...);
...
return p;
}
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